Copper sulfate – a professional supplier to industry and laboratories
The copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) produced—that is, the salt of sulfuric acid and copper in the second oxidation state—is:
- High chemical purity—the product meets rigorous quality standards
- Competitive pricing – favorable pricing terms for bulk orders
- Fast delivery – orders fulfilled in a short time
We are an experienced manufacturer of feed-grade chemical raw materials, offering, among other products, copper sulfate in various grades: technical, pure, and feed-grade.
Our copper sulfate is widely used in agriculture and horticulture (as a fungicide and for spraying against fungal diseases), the chemical industry, hoof disinfection in veterinary medicine, swimming pool water treatment, and as a laboratory reagent. We include a Certificate of Analysis (CoA), a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), and complete technical documentation with every shipment.
Main applications: fungicide for crop protection (Bordeaux mixture), algaecide in swimming pools, electroplating and copper plating, pigment in paint production, raw material for correcting copper deficiencies in soil, and laboratory reagent.
Basic Specifications – Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate
| Chemical name | Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Copper vitriol, chalcanthite, blue vitriol, copper sulfate pentahydrate |
| Chemical formula | CuSO₄·5H₂O |
| CAS Number | 7758-99-8 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-847-6 |
| Molar mass | 249.68 g/mol |
| Form | Blue crystalline powder or crystals |
| Available Purity Levels | Technical / Pure / Pro analysis (p.a.) / Garden grade |
| Solubility | 32 g/100 mL H₂O (20°C), 75 g/100 mL (100°C) |
| Melting point | 110°C (decomposition with loss of water) |
| Density | 2.286 g/cm³ |
| Copper (Cu) content | min. 25% |
| pH of a 5% solution | 3.5–4.5 (acidic) |
| Packaging | 250 g / 500 g / 1 kg / 5 kg / 10 kg / 25 kg |
| Documentation | SDS, CoA, Technical Specifications |
B2B Terms of Cooperation – Wholesale Copper Sulfate
Why Partner with Us?
- Wholesale deliveries—starting at 1 kg, with shipping throughout Poland and the EU
- Volume discounts – up to 20% on larger orders
- Batch consistency – every shipment includes a CoA and LOT number
- Short lead time – shipping within 24–48 hours
- Fixed-term contracts – framework agreements for 6–12 months
- Technical support – assistance with product selection and dosage
- Trade credit – flexible payment options for regular customers
- Complete documentation – SDS, CoA, instructions for use
We serve farms, horticultural companies, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, research laboratories, and distributors of crop protection products.
Do you need copper sulfate?
Contact us!
Ask about current prices, availability, and wholesale discounts. We’ll respond within 24 hours.
Copper sulfate—where to buy? Ask for a quote!
We offer samples (250–500 g) for testing before placing a larger order. For B2B customers, we prepare customized quotes that take into account order size, delivery frequency, and documentation requirements.
Contact us—we’ll respond within 24 hours!
Phone: +48 724 967 482
Email: biuro@elpolap.com.pl
Address:
Nowa Wieś Królewska 46, Września County / PL
Business hours:
Monday–Friday: 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.
Copper sulfate – price and pricing factors
The price of copper(II) sulfate depends on:
Chemical purity: technical-grade copper sulfate is cheaper than the p.a. (pharmaceutical-grade) purity used in laboratories.
Order size: discounts of up to 20% for bulk orders over 100 kg.
Current copper price: Copper (Cu) prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME) directly affect production costs.
Product form: crystals vs. fine-grained powder.
Approximate prices:
- 250 g – 1 kg: 10–25 PLN/kg
- 5–25 kg: 8–16 PLN/kg
- 100+ kg: 6–12 PLN/kg (custom pricing)
What is copper sulfate?
Chemical Characteristics
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is an inorganic chemical compound, a salt of sulfuric acid and copper
with the formula CuSO₄·5H₂O. In nature, it occurs as the mineral chalcanthite, which has a characteristic blue
color. Copper is present in the +II oxidation state, which gives the compound its intense
blue color.
Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO₄) is a white or gray crystalline powder that, upon contact
with water, turns an intense blue color, forming a pentahydrate. This property means
that anhydrous copper sulfate is used as a moisture indicator in laboratories.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is hygroscopic—in dry air, it gradually loses its
crystallization water, transforming into the anhydrous form.
Structure of the Compound
In the crystal structure of CuSO₄·5H₂O, the copper ion Cu²⁺ is surrounded by four water molecules
of water in a square-planar arrangement, while the fifth water molecule forms a hydrogen bond
with the sulfate group SO₄²⁻. The molar mass of the pentahydrate is 249.68 g/mol, of which copper
accounts for approximately 25% of the compound’s mass.
Copper sulfate is stable at room temperature, but above 110°C,
a gradual loss of water of crystallization begins. Complete dehydration to the anhydrous form occurs
at approximately 250°C.
Physicochemical Properties of Copper Sulfate
Chemical formula and molar mass
Chemical formula: CuSO₄·5H₂O (pentahydrate)
Molar mass: 249.68 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Cu content: 25.45% (pentahydrate)
Solubility and stability
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is highly soluble in water. Its solubility is
32 g/100 mL at 20°C and increases to approximately 75 g/100 mL at 100°C. When dissolved,
it forms a blue solution with an acidic pH (3.5–4.5) due to the hydrolysis of copper ions.
The compound is slightly soluble in alcohols. Upon contact with water, anhydrous
copper sulfate reacts exothermically, releasing heat and transforming into a
hydrated form with an intense blue color.
Copper sulfate is not biodegradable and is toxic to aquatic organisms,
especially fish and invertebrates. In the natural environment, it can accumulate in soil
and surface waters.
Physical Properties
Color: intense blue (pentahydrate), white/gray (anhydrous)
Density: 2.286 g/cm³
Decomposition temperature: 110°C (loss of water), complete dehydration at 250°C
Hygroscopicity: absorbs water in humid air; loses water of crystallization in dry air
The characteristic blue color results from light absorption by copper(II) ions
in the presence of water ligands.
Applications of copper sulfate
Copper sulfate in agriculture and horticulture
Copper sulfate is widely used in horticulture as a fungicide and bactericide. It is the main component of Bordeaux mixture (a combination of CuSO₄ and slaked lime), used to protect crops from fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, late blight, apple scab, and leaf spot.
How to apply copper sulfate in gardening:
- Preventive spraying: 0.3–0.5% solution (30–50 g/10 L of water)
- Disease control: 0.5–1% solution (50–100 g/10 L of water)
- Soil fertilization for copper deficiencies: 5–10 kg/ha
Technical or horticultural copper sulfate is used to disinfect soil, control moss on lawns, and as a copper fertilizer to correct copper deficiencies in the soil. Copper deficiencies manifest as leaf chlorosis, drying of shoot tips, and growth abnormalities.
Important:
Do not spray in direct sunlight or during flowering. Observe the pre-harvest interval as indicated on the product label.
Use in Pools and Disinfection
Copper sulfate is an effective algicide used in swimming pools and ponds to control algae and algal blooms. Copper(II) ions are toxic to algae, bacteria, and fungi, preventing the water from turning green.
Dosage for swimming pools: 1–2 mg Cu/L of water (approx. 4–8 g CuSO₄·5H₂O per 1,000 L)
Also used for hoof disinfection in veterinary medicine—soaking cattle hooves in a 5–10% solution prevents fungal and bacterial hoof diseases.
Do you need this product?
Contact us!
Ask about current prices, availability, and wholesale discounts. We’ll respond within 24 hours.
Industrial Applications
Electroplating and copper plating: Copper sulfate is used in electrolytes for the electroplating of copper onto metals (decorative and protective copper plating).
Pigments and dyes: used in the production of green copper pigments (verdigris) and dyes for glass and ceramics.
Chemical industry: a raw material for the synthesis of other copper compounds, a catalyst in organic reactions, and a reagent in chemical analysis.
Wood preservation: used as a fungicide and insecticide for wood impregnation.
Feed additive
Synthesis and Preparation of Copper Sulfate
Synthesis reaction from metallic copper
Copper(II) sulfate is obtained by reacting metallic copper with concentrated sulfuric acid:
Cu + 2 H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2 H₂O
In the industrial process, metallic copper or copper oxides are dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid in the presence of oxygen (oxidation) and a catalyst in the form of nitric acid:
2 Cu + 2 H₂SO₄ + O₂ → 2 CuSO₄ + 2 H₂O
After the copper has completely dissolved, the solution is filtered, concentrated by evaporating the water, and then cooled, which leads to the crystallization of blue CuSO₄·5H₂O crystals.
Laboratory Conditions
Crystallization is carried out by slowly cooling a hot saturated solution. Rapid cooling produces fine crystals, while slow cooling yields large, well-formed crystals with an intense blue color.
The crystals are drained, washed with cold distilled water, and dried at room temperature. Drying at temperatures above 50°C leads to a partial loss of the water of crystallization.
The synthesis yield under laboratory conditions is 80–95% based on the copper used.
Copper Sulfate Specifications
Available Purities
Technical: min. 98% CuSO₄·5H₂O, for industrial and agricultural applications
Horticultural: min. 98%, intended for plant protection
Pure: min. 99%, chemical industry
Analytical Grade (p.a.): min. 99.5%, analytical laboratories
Quality Control
Each batch comes with a CoA certificate containing:
- CuSO₄·5H₂O content: min. 98–99.5% (depending on purity)
- Copper (Cu) content: 24.5–25.5%
- pH of a 5% solution: 3.5–4.5
- Insoluble substances: max. 0.05%
- Iron (Fe): max. 0.01%
- Lead (Pb): max. 0.002%
Analysis in accordance with ISO standards and plant protection product requirements.
Do you need this product?
Contact us!
Ask about current prices, availability, and wholesale discounts. We’ll respond within 24 hours.
Where can I buy copper sulfate?
Availability and Terms of Purchase
Copper sulfate can be purchased from ELPOLAP—a manufacturer and distributor of chemical raw materials. We serve farms, horticultural companies, laboratories, the chemical industry, and distributors of plant protection products.
Delivery throughout Poland (24–48 hours) and the EU. For regular customers: volume discounts, trade credit, and a dedicated account manager.
Every order comes with complete documentation: VAT invoice, SDS, CoA, and instructions for use.
B2B Wholesale Inquiries
We prepare customized offers for business customers, taking into account the specific details of each order. We offer framework agreements for 6–12 months.
Wholesale orders of 25 kg or more come with full technical support regarding dosage and application.
Contact us to receive:
- A quote with a volume discount
- A delivery schedule
- Instructions for use and dosage
- Test samples
- Technical support
Safety and Toxicity of Copper Sulfate
CLP/GHS Classification
Hazard Statements:
- H302: Harmful if swallowed
- H315: Causes skin irritation
- H319: Causes eye irritation
- H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
Pictograms: GHS07 (exclamation mark), GHS09 (environmental hazard)
Toxicity: LD50 ~300 mg/kg (rats, oral). Moderately toxic to humans. Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. In severe cases, liver and kidney damage.
Storage and Precautions
Store in tightly closed containers in a dry room (15–25°C), away from food and animal feed. Protect from moisture and sunlight.
Personal protective equipment:
- – Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile)
- – Safety goggles
- – Work clothing that protects the skin
- – Dust mask (for dust-generating work)
In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water for 15 minutes. If swallowed: drink plenty of water, do not induce vomiting, contact a doctor.
Transport and Environment
Not subject to ADR classification. Transport in leak-proof containers. Required documentation: CMR, SDS.
Environmental protection: Do not allow to enter surface water or groundwater. Highly toxic to fish (LC50 < 1 mg/l). Do not use near bodies of water or wells.
Technical Documentation
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
We include an up-to-date SDS in Polish with every shipment, compliant with REACH and CLP. The SDS contains 16 sections: identification, hazards, composition, first aid measures, emergency response, storage, properties, toxicology, and ecotoxicology.
Certificate of Analysis (CoA)
Each batch comes with a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) containing the following test results: CuSO₄·5H₂O content, Cu content, pH, insoluble substances, and metal impurities (Fe, Pb, As). Upon request: certificates of conformity and agricultural approvals.
Identification Numbers
CAS: 7758-99-8 (pentahydrate), 7758-98-7 (anhydrous)
EINECS: 231-847-6
Molar mass: 249.68 g/mol (pentahydrate)
IUPAC name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the formula for copper sulfate?
The chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is CuSO₄·5H₂O. This compound is a salt of sulfuric acid and copper in the +2 oxidation state, occurring as a pentahydrate—crystals containing five molecules of water of crystallization. Its molar mass is 249.68 g/mol, of which copper accounts for approximately 25% of the compound’s mass.
Anhydrous copper sulfate has the formula CuSO₄ and a molar mass of 159.61 g/mol. In nature, the pentahydrate occurs as the mineral chalcanthite, which has an intense blue color, while the anhydrous form is a white or gray powder that immediately turns a characteristic blue color upon contact with water.
Is copper sulfate toxic?
Yes, copper sulfate is toxic to both humans and animals. The LD50 for rats following oral administration is approximately 300 mg/kg body weight, which classifies it as a moderately toxic compound (H302).
It is irritating to the skin and eyes (H315, H319) and very toxic to aquatic life, causing long-term effects in the environment (H410). Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, and in severe cases, liver and kidney damage. Personal protective equipment must be used when working with this substance.
What is copper sulfate used for in swimming pools?
Copper sulfate is used in swimming pools as an algicide—a substance that controls algae and prevents algal blooms. Copper(II) ions inhibit the growth of algae, bacteria, and fungi, preventing the water from turning green.
The typical dosage is 1–2 mg of copper per liter of water, which corresponds to approximately 4–8 g of CuSO₄·5H₂O per 1,000 liters. Care must be taken when dosing, as excess copper can cause discoloration and is toxic to aquatic organisms.
How much does copper sulfate cost?
The price of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate depends on its purity, package size, and the quantity ordered. Approximate retail prices range from 10–25 PLN/kg for packages of 250 g–1 kg and 8–18 PLN/kg for packages of 5–25 kg.
Wholesale orders over 100 kg are priced individually (6–12 PLN/kg). The price also depends on current copper prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME).
Does copper sulfate dissolve in water?
Yes, copper sulfate pentahydrate dissolves well in water. Its solubility at 20°C is approximately 32 g/100 ml, and at 100°C it increases to approximately 75 g/100 ml.
When dissolved, it forms a blue solution with an acidic pH (3.5–4.5). Anhydrous copper sulfate reacts exothermically with water, rapidly converting to the hydrated form.
How should copper sulfate be applied in gardening?
The dosage depends on the application. For preventive spraying, a 0.3–0.5% solution (30–50 g per 10 L of water) is used, and for controlling infections, a 0.5–1% solution (50–100 g per 10 L).
For soil application to correct copper deficiencies, use 5–10 kg/ha. Spraying should be done outside the flowering period and in accordance with the pre-harvest interval.
Where can you buy copper sulfate?
Copper sulfate can be purchased from Elpolap—a distributor of chemical raw materials with delivery throughout Poland and the EU. We offer order fulfillment within 24–48 hours and complete documentation (SDS, CoA, instructions).
The product is also available at garden centers, chemical stores, and online marketplaces.
What are the industrial applications of copper sulfate?
Copper sulfate is used in the chemical industry as a raw material and catalyst, in electroplating for copper plating, in the production of pigments and dyes, and in wood preservation as a fungicide and insecticide.
It is also used in the textile industry, in veterinary medicine, and in laboratories as an analytical reagent.
Can copper sulfate be used in organic farming?
Yes, copper sulfate (e.g., in the form of Bordeaux mixture) is permitted in organic farming, but its use is strictly regulated.
According to EU regulations, the maximum copper application rate should not exceed 6 kg Cu/ha per year (averaged over several years). Only formulations approved for organic farming should be used.
What is the difference between the pentahydrate and the anhydrous form?
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) consists of blue crystals containing water of crystallization; it is stable and easy to store. Its molar mass is 249.68 g/mol.
Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO₄) is a white powder with a molar mass of 159.61 g/mol; it is highly hygroscopic. Upon contact with water, it converts to the pentahydrate with the release of heat, which is why it is used, among other things, as a moisture indicator.
Contact us for a quote
We offer samples of copper sulfate (250–500 g) for testing. For B2B customers—custom quotes based on order volume and delivery frequency.
Get:
- A quote with a volume discount
- A free sample for testing
- Documentation (SDS, CoA, instructions)
- Technical support regarding dosing
724 967 482
kontakt@elpolap.com.pl
Nowa Wieś Królewska 46,
62-304 Nowa Wieś Królewska
Monday–Friday: 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.
Sales department hours: Monday – Friday, 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.
We respond to inquiries within 24 business hours.
This information is for technical and sales purposes only. It does not constitute an offer within the meaning of the Civil Code. All specifications and technical data are subject to change without prior notice.
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